ING Groep N.V.

ING Groep N.V. was created in 1991 through the merger of insurer Nationale-Nederlanden and postal bank NMB Postbank. Its predecessor businesses include Dutch savings banking dating back to 1881, while ING expanded internationally through acquisitions and the ING Direct digital-banking model launched in 1997.

Today, ING operates as a global retail and wholesale bank with a strong European base. Retail activities cover payments, savings, mortgages, lending, investments and insurance; wholesale banking serves corporates and financial institutions through specialised lending, corporate finance, debt and equity markets, payments, cash management, trade finance and treasury services.

The firm is especially strong in mobile-first retail banking, technology-enabled service delivery and sustainability-linked corporate finance. ING developed sustainability-linked finance products early and uses its Terra approach and Net-Zero Banking Alliance membership to steer lending toward climate targets, although its portfolio still finances both transition activities and carbon-intensive sectors.